Clear-Cloud USA's biggest source of FREE TRAINING with VIDEOS in: Mobile Cloud Computing Concepts
What is 4G Cellular
|
|
FREE MOBILE CLOUD COMPUTING CONCEPTS - TRAINING_MODULES_WITH_TONS_OF_VIDEOS
SEARCH THIS SITE:
Fourth Generation (4G) cellular, including LTE, is the latest in an ongoing series of innovations that respond to ever-changing wireless market demands, which began with analog cellular almost 30 years ago. First Generation Cellular Networks Second Generation Cellular Networks Third Generation Cellular Networks The Third Generation (3G) cellular networks appeared in 2000, with the first commercial deployment launched by DoCoMo on Oct. 1, 2001, and was designed to offer high speed data and multimedia connectivity to users. A distinct difference between 2G and 3G technologies was the appearance of a packet data core network, where the access network was shared by circuit and packet domains. 4G Networks – the next step
LTE Architecture
The LTE system is comprised of two networks: the E-UTRAN and the Evolved Packet Core (EPC). The result is a system characterized by its simplicity, a non-hierarchical structure for increased scalability and efficiency, and a design optimized to support real-time IP-based services. The access network, E-UTRAN is characterized by a network of Evolved-NodeBs (eNBs) which support OFDMA and advanced antenna techniques. Each eNB, having an IP address, is part of the all-IP network. In the absence of radio network controllers, which were present in earlier generation access networks, the eNBs in LTE collaborate to perform functions such as handover and interference mitigation. Similarly, the all-IP packet core network enables the deployment and efficient delivery of packet-oriented multimedia services, through the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). This results in lower costs and rapid deployment of new services for network operators. While there are recognizable parallels to the 3GPP UMTS packet core network, the EPC is a significant departure from the legacy packet core which enables growth in packet traffic, higher data rates, and lower latency, and support for interworking with several wireless access technologies. The EPC Architecture
Six nodes are defined to meet these goals: the Mobility Management Entity (MME), the Home Subscriber Server (HSS), the Serving Gateway (S-GW), the Packet Data Network Gateway (P-GW), the Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF), and the evolved Packet Data Gateway (ePDG). 
Somewhat analogous to the distribution of control and bearer data of the MSC found in 3GPP R4, LTE separates control from bearer in the design of the EPC. The Mobility Management Entity (MME), which supports many functions for managing mobiles and their sessions, also controls establishment of EPS bearers in the selected gateways. The Serving Gateway (S-GW) is responsible for anchoring the user plane for inter-eNB handover and inter-3GPP mobility. An S-GW functionally resembles a 3G SGSN without the mobility and session control features. It routes data packets between the P-GW and the E-UTRAN. The Packet Data Network Gateway (P-GW) acts as a default router for the UE, and is responsible for anchoring the user plane for mobility between some 3GPP access systems and all non-3GPP access systems. The Home Subscriber Server is the master data base that stores subscription-related information to support call control and session management entities. The Policy and Charging Control Function (PCRF) is the single point of policy-based
QoS control in the network. It is responsible for formulating policy rules from the technical details of Service Date Flows
(SDF) that will apply to a user's services, and then passing these rules to the P-GW for enforcement. IMS – Key to Service Delivery
The IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is intended to occupy the core of tomorrow's converged networks. The IMS is the chief enabler that could accelerate network convergence with the promise of flexible service delivery. Mobile operators will count on LTE to implement cost-effective network changes as preparation for IMS. Deploying SIP-based control architectures on broadband wireless IP-based LTE naturally implies services ought to reside in the IMS.
3G to 4G Core Network Migration
The mobile video and mobile TV era, with “always on” expectations, brings in the need for a robust and modular network infrastructure that can help get new voice and data services to market at lower cost and in less time than in the current reality. But, while the 4G revolution is focusing on the air interface and access network side of the equation, the core network also has to revive itself with new architecture enhancements in order to keep up with seemingly unrealistic data speeds and related issues. How the evolved core sustains the challenge will be key in determining the user experience of new services. This paper talks about the shift of existing infrastructure for 3G core to 4G, and the benefits and impact on the communications industry of AdvancedTCA on the wireless core network. 3G Core Network RealitiesToday’s wireless industry aims at providing voice and data services in the next generation of converging communications networks. The goal is the performance gain to meet the demands of ever increasing data speeds and network traffic at lower operational costs. The specific requirement is to build stable and flexible infrastructure that leverages open, standards-based interfaces that enable “Triple Play” voice, video, and data. Before we discuss implementation specific, however, let’s start with an overview of 3G core network functional elements. The 3G packet core architecture consists of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) packet-switched (PS) domain – or General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Support Nodes (GSN), the Gateway GSN (GGSN) and the Serving GSN (SGSN). These elements constitute the interface between the radio system and fixed networks for packet-switched services. The GSN performs all necessary functions in order to handle the packet transmission to and from the mobile stations. The SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) supports mobility management
functions within the network. The signaling and packet data from the access nodes, namely the Radio Network Controller (RNC),
is forwarded to the SGSN. The SGSN handles functions of data packet processing, such as forwarding, tunneling the data to
the GGSN in the user plane, along with the control plane functions of authentication, SS7 signaling to the HLR, and mobility
management. An SGSN platform requires computing capability for processing the signaling messages as well as network interface
modules to handle intensive control protocol processing and to support the interfaces to the other network elements. | In a Cutt Newsletter (2004) issue it is mentioned that while current 3G services
are working to enable transactional wireless communications like location-based services, wireless shopping, personal services,
email and multimedia data transfer, these are at much lower speeds compared to the 100 MBPS to 1 GBPS of 4G. As demand builds
for high-quality, streaming video and audio, only 4G systems will be able to accommodate growing consumer and business expectations.
Japan, China and South Korea plan to work together with developing new technologies like fourth-generation mobile phones says
Japanese local papers. Ongoing talks have been underway for the last several months to discuss how to work together in the best possible way including | those for the 2008 Beijing Olympics and future Internet systems, said an official at the
telecommunications ministry.A 4G orientated meeting was held in Seoul in March with officials from the above countries, where they agreed to
share information and work together on developing 4G mobile phones. In Eliza Evans and others (2004) the implications
of 4G network are discussed in detail. They predict that if implemented, the projected 4G technology may facilitate a true IP cellular network. 4G mobile phone technology supports Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) and promises faster communication speeds (100 megabits per second), capacity and diverse usage formats. These formats would provide richer content and support for other public networks such as optical fibre and wireless local area networks. 4G is currently only an ideal. Still, some companies are incorporating new technological advances into cellular technology, something that some companies are calling “3.5G.” 3.5G technology, the convergence of cellular and wireless LAN technologies, has led to a handset that makes calls using Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) when a 802.11 network is available (for example, when at home or at the office), then switches to a 3G cellular network when mobile. Someday
4G networks may replace all existing 2.5G and 3G networks, perhaps even before a full deployment of 3G. Multiple 3G standards
are springing up that would make it difficult for 3G devices to be truly global. A strong need exists to combine both the
wireless (LAN) concept and cell or base station wide area network design. SEARCH THIS SITE |
|||||||||||
